全文获取类型
收费全文 | 107936篇 |
免费 | 8809篇 |
国内免费 | 10119篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 51746篇 |
晶体学 | 632篇 |
力学 | 6759篇 |
综合类 | 1898篇 |
数学 | 31930篇 |
物理学 | 33899篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 821篇 |
2022年 | 1387篇 |
2021年 | 2606篇 |
2020年 | 2291篇 |
2019年 | 2537篇 |
2018年 | 2136篇 |
2017年 | 2487篇 |
2016年 | 3032篇 |
2015年 | 2888篇 |
2014年 | 3876篇 |
2013年 | 7617篇 |
2012年 | 4804篇 |
2011年 | 5183篇 |
2010年 | 4664篇 |
2009年 | 6268篇 |
2008年 | 6749篇 |
2007年 | 7131篇 |
2006年 | 6333篇 |
2005年 | 5160篇 |
2004年 | 4748篇 |
2003年 | 4696篇 |
2002年 | 4064篇 |
2001年 | 3536篇 |
2000年 | 3244篇 |
1999年 | 2844篇 |
1998年 | 2629篇 |
1997年 | 2208篇 |
1996年 | 2103篇 |
1995年 | 1995篇 |
1994年 | 1828篇 |
1993年 | 1653篇 |
1992年 | 1585篇 |
1991年 | 1204篇 |
1990年 | 984篇 |
1989年 | 842篇 |
1988年 | 816篇 |
1987年 | 634篇 |
1986年 | 571篇 |
1985年 | 721篇 |
1984年 | 628篇 |
1983年 | 339篇 |
1982年 | 589篇 |
1981年 | 822篇 |
1980年 | 701篇 |
1979年 | 671篇 |
1978年 | 534篇 |
1977年 | 454篇 |
1976年 | 384篇 |
1974年 | 178篇 |
1973年 | 256篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
71.
72.
We consider the random‐cluster model (RCM) on with parameters p∈(0,1) and q ≥ 1. This is a generalization of the standard bond percolation (with edges open independently with probability p) which is biased by a factor q raised to the number of connected components. We study the well‐known Fortuin‐Kasteleyn (FK)‐dynamics on this model where the update at an edge depends on the global geometry of the system unlike the Glauber heat‐bath dynamics for spin systems, and prove that for all small enough p (depending on the dimension) and any q>1, the FK‐dynamics exhibits the cutoff phenomenon at with a window size , where λ∞ is the large n limit of the spectral gap of the process. Our proof extends the information percolation framework of Lubetzky and Sly to the RCM and also relies on the arguments of Blanca and Sinclair who proved a sharp mixing time bound for the planar version. A key aspect of our proof is the analysis of the effect of a sequence of dependent (across time) Bernoulli percolations extracted from the graphical construction of the dynamics, on how information propagates. 相似文献
73.
74.
The paper presents a wave basin experiment of a direct-driven point-absorber wave energy converter moving in six degrees of freedom. The goal of the work is to study the dynamics and energy absorption of the wave energy converter, and to verify under which conditions numerical models restricted to heave can capture the behaviour of a point-absorber moving in six degrees of freedom. Several regular and irregular long-crested waves and different damping values of the power take-off system have been tested. We collected data in terms of power output, device motion in six degrees of freedom and wave elevation at different points of the wave basin. A single-body numerical model in the frequency domain and a two-body model in the time domain are used in the study. Motion instabilities due to parametric resonance observed during the experiments are discussed and analysis of the buoy motion in terms of the Mathieu instability is also presented. Our results show that the simplified models can reproduce the body dynamics of the studied converter as long as the transverse non-linear instabilities are not excited, which typically is the case in irregular waves. The performance of the more complex time domain model is able to reproduce both the buoy and PTO dynamics, while the simpler frequency domain model can only reproduce the PTO dynamics for specific cases. Finally, we show that the two-body dynamics of the studied wave energy converter affects the power absorption significantly, and that common assumptions in the numerical models, such as stiff mooring line or that the float moves only in heave, may lead to incorrect predictions for certain sea states. 相似文献
75.
Dr. Chenge Li Dr. Alison G. Tebo Marion Thauvin Marie-Aude Plamont Prof. Dr. Michel Volovitch Dr. Xavier Morin Prof. Dr. Sophie Vriz Prof. Dr. Arnaud Gautier 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(41):18073-18079
Far-red emitting fluorescent labels are highly desirable for spectral multiplexing and deep tissue imaging. Here, we describe the generation of frFAST (far-red Fluorescence Activating and absorption Shifting Tag), a 14-kDa monomeric protein that forms a bright far-red fluorescent assembly with (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)allylidene rhodanine (HPAR-3OM). As HPAR-3OM is essentially non-fluorescent in solution and in cells, frFAST can be imaged with high contrast in presence of free HPAR-3OM, which allowed the rapid and efficient imaging of frFAST fusions in live cells, zebrafish embryo/larvae, and chicken embryos. Beyond enabling the genetic encoding of far-red fluorescence, frFAST allowed the design of a far-red chemogenetic reporter of protein–protein interactions, demonstrating its great potential for the design of innovative far-red emitting biosensors. 相似文献
76.
Shuzhen Li Bo Lu Xiaoyu Fang Prof. Dongpeng Yan 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(50):22812-22819
Smart molecular crystals with light-driven mechanical responses have received interest owing to their potential uses in molecular machines, artificial muscles, and biomimetics. However, challenges remain in control over both the dynamic photo-mechanical behaviors and static photonic properties of molecular crystals based on the same molecule. Herein, we show the construction of isostructural co-crystals allows their light-induced cracking and jumping behaviors (photosalient effect) to be controlled. Hydrogen-bonded co-crystals from 4-(1-naphthylvinyl)pyridine ( NVP ) with co-formers (tetrafluoro-4-hydroxybenzoic acid ( THA ) and tetrafluorobenzoic acid ( TA )) crystallize as isostructural crystals, but have different static and dynamic photo-mechanical behaviors. These differences are due to alternations in the orientation of NVP and hydrogen-bonding modes of the co-formers. After light activation, the 1D NVP-TA crystal splits and shears off within 1 s. For NVP-THA , its photostability and high quantum yield give novel photonic properties, including low optical waveguide loss, highly polarized anisotropy, and efficient up-conversion fluorescence. 相似文献
77.
Two novel 2′-hydroxychalcone derivatives (i.e., M1 and M2) are explored in this work. We mainly focus on investigating the effects of photoexcitation on hydrogen bonds and on the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process. On the basis of calculations of electrostatic potential surface and intramolecular interactions, we verify the formation of hydrogen bond O1 H2···O3 in both S0 and S1 states. Exploring the ultraviolet–visible spectra in the liquid phase, our simulated results reappear in the experimental phenomenon. Analyzing molecular geometry and infrared stretching vibrational spectra, we confirm O1 H2···O3 is strengthened for both M1 and M2 in the S1 state. We further confirm that charge redistribution facilitates ESIPT tendency. Constructing potential energy curves, we find the ultrafast ESIPT behavior for M1, which is because of the deficiency of side hydroxyl moiety comparing with M2. This work makes a reasonable affiliation of the ESIPT mechanism for M1 and M2. We wish this paper could facilitate understanding these two novel systems and promote their applications. 相似文献
78.
In this work, a vanillin complex is immobilized onto MCM-41 and characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and BET techniques. This supported Schiff base complex was found to be an efficient and recoverable catalyst for the chemoselective oxidation of sulfides into sulfoxides and thiols into their corresponding disulfides (using hydrogen peroxide as a green oxidant) and also a suitable catalyst for the preparation of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives in water at 90°C. Using this protocol, we show that a variety of disulfides, sulfoxides, and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives can be synthesized in green conditions. The catalyst can be recovered and recycled for further reactions without appreciable loss of catalytic performance. 相似文献
79.
Vitaly E. Matulis Ekaterina G. Ragoyja Oleg A. Ivashkevich 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2020,120(9):e26159
Boron-dipyrromethene dyes (BODIPY) are of great interest nowadays mostly due to their valuable optical properties. Nevertheless, no systematic research of the optical property dependence on the structure of dyes has been performed yet. In this work, analysis of the available quantum-chemical methods for BODIPY optical property calculations has been carried out. The accuracy of eight DFT functionals has been studied. The solvation effects upon excitation have been considered within two schemes. The methods that predict the absorption and emission spectra of BODIPY derivatives with high accuracy have been proposed. Using the suggested methods, the influence of nature of substituents and their position in the BODIPY core on the optical spectra of the dyes has been studied. A complex pattern of red- and blue-shifts in optical spectra in dependence of nature and position of substituents has been revealed. The results of this work provide the way for efficient design of BODIPY derivatives with desired optical properties. 相似文献
80.